The next stage of data analysis is testing Statistical Assumption.
Every statistical analysis has a set of assumptions that need to be met before using the data. One of the these assumptions is that data is normally distributed.
In SPSS, there is a way to find out the normality of data by going to Analyze --> Descriptive Statistics --> Explore. The variables that need to be checked are then chosen in Dependent List.
The following images show the normality tests for both total scores under both scales.
DASS-21 - Time 1 & 2
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_1b67480c8c884cf0b5c126b19dca5817~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_77,h_47,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_1b67480c8c884cf0b5c126b19dca5817~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_028dd0c886e849dfb7e1df73a9f99830~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_54,h_27,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_028dd0c886e849dfb7e1df73a9f99830~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_45f35e34bdf048089abbc9bfc68c4f4d~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_45f35e34bdf048089abbc9bfc68c4f4d~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_1a74dd20de914e31bbc5f5bd94078f3c~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_1a74dd20de914e31bbc5f5bd94078f3c~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_53a74aafb02348858cc50e9930b43bbb~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_53a74aafb02348858cc50e9930b43bbb~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_eee377a24aad480f97b42490f5d72a1a~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_eee377a24aad480f97b42490f5d72a1a~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_3d09effab43c4c0d869bf89e1e7cb8f2~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_3d09effab43c4c0d869bf89e1e7cb8f2~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_1239b64db4f24813ae7460b4c6df46b0~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_1239b64db4f24813ae7460b4c6df46b0~mv2.png)
A Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality on Total DASS scores before and after positivity treatment. The Sig. values for Total DASS scores before treatment (p = 0.399) and after treatment (p = 0.62) indicate a non-significant result, therefore normality is assumed on both scores.
Self Esteem - Time 1 & 2
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_d22519a3c9914f4099544d74a8487978~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_77,h_47,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_d22519a3c9914f4099544d74a8487978~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_41ef27df1a4c4bd19667fc61bda779e0~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_58,h_25,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_41ef27df1a4c4bd19667fc61bda779e0~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_fa66b04cad6e4f2b8f8a6cae5431e5d1~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_fa66b04cad6e4f2b8f8a6cae5431e5d1~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_4d533b5c00a0418fbc9a7e69a6cb21d7~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_4d533b5c00a0418fbc9a7e69a6cb21d7~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_663de213e6d14b83a77db663a9da8e01~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_663de213e6d14b83a77db663a9da8e01~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_f6674be73fc44ec084b893c009fc5a9d~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_f6674be73fc44ec084b893c009fc5a9d~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_471847bd3df54cbc945779d1da0bd292~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_471847bd3df54cbc945779d1da0bd292~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a77001_b31c5a9ec1b2452788da6c02c937bfd0~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_79,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a77001_b31c5a9ec1b2452788da6c02c937bfd0~mv2.png)
Another Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality on Total SE scores before and after positivity treatment. The Sig. value for Total SE score before treatment (p = 0.013) indicate a statistically non-significant result, therefore assumption of normality has been met. However, the Sig. value for Total SE score after treatment (p = 0.001) indicate a statistically significant result, therefore violating the assumption of normality.
The next step after assessing normality is to conduct Descriptive Statistics, which will be covered in the next post.